Occasionally, root canal therapy is not sufficient to heal your tooth and your endodontist will recommend endodontic microsurgery as the best treatment option. The most common type of endodontic microsurgery is called an apicoectomy, or root-end resection, which may be needed when inflammation or infections persist in the bony area around the end of your tooth after a root canal procedure. Damaged root surfaces or the surrounding bone may also be treated with this procedure.